10 Popular Content Marketing Buzzwords for 2016

10 Popular Content Marketing Buzzwords for 2016 Whether its through meetings, brainstorming sessions or reading articles, this year you will encounter these specific words even more often. Some are fairly new, but others have been passed around the content marketing industry for some time and are still on everyones lips. So its now time to scrutinize their importance under a microscope. Whether its through meetings, brainstorming sessions or reading articles, this year you will encounter these specific words even more often. Some are fairly new, but others have been passed around the content marketing industry for some time and are still on everyones lips. So its now time to scrutinize their importance under a microscope.1. Content ShockOnce a company has recognized and understood the importance of content marketing, the focus will then shift to content shock. This term is explained in a blog by author and social media consultant Mark Schaefer and has been hotly debated ever since.The article describes a scenario where the compe tition for consumers attention becomes increasingly difficult and costly for businesses and is therefore no longer worthwhile for some. Because of the daily content deluge, users are simply presented with too much content per day and too few hours in which to digest it.According to Schaefer, those wanting to avoid content shock have some options, including:Focusing on a niche areaSpending more money on contentSpending more money on content distributionFocusing on new types of content and channels that are not (yet) used by rivalsSo what is content shock all about? It is clear that, in the future, non-relevant content will have very poor prospects.2. HolisticHolistic means concerning the whole. In content marketing, the term appears mainly in connection with content that covers a subject comprehensively.As early as 2014, Searchmetrics had listed holistic content as crucial for content ranking in their study of ranking factors. Content should not only be relevant to keywords but also to the topic and its related terms. The more thematic aspects of a topic covered by the content, the more holistic and thus relevant the content is for users conducting different searches.Holistic content is therefore well-researched, deals with a subject as comprehensively as possible from various aspects and includes topic-relevant terms, variants and synonyms. So individual keywords can be used to form so-called content clusters.3. Data-Driven ContentHow can we use data to create content relevant to our target group? This is a question that confronts an increasing number of companies. They analyze data, from social media for instance, to gain important insights into how to engage and communicate with their target audience.However, evaluating and usefully linking data from all relevant touchpoints presents companies with major challenges. But there are a number of tools available for this purpose.4. Native AdvertisingSince 2014, this particular Buzzword has been buzzing around the advertising and media world. It received particularly prominent attention once it became known that the prestigious New York Times relies on native advertising.Native advertising is a paid method of distributing content. Here, the content of one business is embedded in the editorial environment of another site, such as a news website. In its new context, this content is adapted to suit the design and layout of each page so that, at first glance, it hardly differs from the remaining content.The concept of native advertising is always hotly debated, with the ambiguous division between advertising and editorial content often heavily criticized. On the other hand, provided it is thematically appropriate and well-crafted, its proponents see this advertising method as offering a new revenue stream for media as well as relevant user content.5. Content Discovery PlatformsIn the broadest sense, the use of content discovery platforms can be seen as a form of native advertising. Still rela tively new on the market, studies show many companies already rate this paid channel for content distribution as very effective.It involves content-recommendation platforms that send the user, so to speak, on a content discovery tour. Content discovery platforms like Outbrain have a large publisher network that includes, for example, news sites, blogs and business portals.Among items from their own publisher network, they also recommend thematically matching contributions from other sources to their users. Readers are then briefed about additional content on a topic through media such as blog posts, videos or infographics. For companies, this offers the opportunity to distribute their content through channels other than their own in order to increase their reach and attract new users.6. Promoted PostMany corporate posts create little impression, resulting in less organic traffic via social media.That can change for those prepared to reach a little deeper into their pockets in order to reach their target audience via social media. Whether as a sponsored update on LinkedIn, a promoted tweet on Twitter, or a promoted post on Facebook, in the future, anyone who wants to reach a lot of users with relevant content must get it placed beside high-quality content and social advertising.7. Influencer MarketingInfluencer Marketing is resurging and is now becoming increasingly important for content marketing. This is because, when it comes to spreading their own content, many companies rely on the cooperation of experts who have the attention of the respective target group.Therefore, tools that help identify appropriate opinion leaders and build relationships with them are also on the rise, such as BuzzSumo and NinjaOutreach.Whether they are bloggers, YouTubers, or Twitter celebrities, influencer marketing relies on the fact that cooperation brings both parties an advantage a win-win situation.Companies can also, for example, offer influencers exclusive background inform ation, free product samples or event invitations.Some tips for successful influencer relations can be found here.8. StorytellingStorytelling is not new. However, how to tell stories in the best possible way has occupied the media, including content marketers, again this year.As before, the goal of storytelling is to tell stories in a way that evoked an emotional response and is memorable. People still love stories that make them feel good.9. Personalized ContentDelivering customized content that is tailored to a users interests and reaches him or her at the right time, and in the right place, is a big issue for the future.The more website content can be geared towards the individual user, the higher conversion rates will be.Whether its individualized products for every reader or store content perfectly suited to the users particular needs, how to create such personalized content in different ways is critical.10. Content PerformanceThose wishing to understand what content achieves it s purpose can only evaluate this via regular performance measurement.However, measuring the success of content has remained a major challenge for companies this year. What metrics a company should use will always depend on the what the content consists of, where its distributed and its intended outcome.According to the CMI study, the quality of leads, the number of sales and the conversion rates are currently the most important metrics for measuring content outcomes. But many companies are still tempted to measure success by their search engine rankings and traffic volumes.ConclusionCould you measure how holistic your own content performance is? This year, theres still no end in sight for content marketing jargon, but the meaning of these individual terms are easy to learn. And just remember that the term content marketing was once a buzzword!

Essay on I have a Dream - Dr King

Essay on I have a Dream - Dr King Free Online Research Papers I see a dream; I see the dream of Martin Luther King as he graphically describes his shared vision. I see that inspiring a vision is not easy to reach. But I can see that a leader with great credibility will be capable of such superiority. Such as influencing their followers or even convince their advocates to pursue in the same dream through encouraging and expressive speeches. Martin Luther King is an example of a great leader who was able to use his credibility as a leader and inspired people to share a common vision for the future. His famous â€Å"I have a dream† speech expressed his dream and vision for the African American population of America. The idea of using no violence to restore basic civil rights and equality to African Americans in America was desirable among his people and had not been done before, which made it extra exciting for those who can relate through his aspiration. Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I have a dream† speech demonstrates how he in spired a vision by appealing to others to share an exciting futuristic dream, he also exemplified the â€Å"big picture† of what he aspired to accomplish and he spoke with genuine conviction about the higher meaning and principle of his belief. In the â€Å"I have a dream† speech King was becoming fascinating to his audience because they all desired the same vision as far as the future was concerned. In other words, King’s dream was revolutionary and many people acknowledge that thus they were willing to share this dream. King stated in his speech that â€Å"†¦one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.† It is obvious that many African Americans as well as Caucasians had that same vision but did not know how to inspire upon it. King took this idea which he knew that many would die for and added it to his visualization of the nation’s future. King continued on â€Å"I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: ‘We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.’† He spoke about the vision o f the forefathers of United States; that they too believe that all humans are equal. In addition to the authors and believers of the Constitution, King incorporated â€Å"My country tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. The land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrims pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring!† in his speech. King spoke of the vision of being free. This was something the Americans have fought for in the past, which King used in his speech to address something universally common to everyone. It was a vision for everyone in the audience to share. As a result, the crowd of followers and believers of his revolutionary idea of the future became a shared vision. To carry out this vision of the future, King delivered a photographic yet emotional speech. He painted the â€Å"big picture† so he can capture everyone’s attention and motivated others to follow. The speech addressed his deepest feelings as he described them all throughout his speech. For example, King said, â€Å"I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.† Those who have been wrongly accused and prosecuted would understand what King was mentioning. King allowed his audience to picture his vision emotionally when he said: â€Å"†¦the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.† It was a picture of something that was never intended by a lot of people, but it was also a picture that many African Americans dreamed of. I n addition, King exemplified his speech on a higher scale of respect when he announced with pride and dignity, â€Å"With this faith, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith, we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.† These were brave statements considering the danger he may face with the advocates, but King remained courageous. The speech was motivating and encouraged more participants because the words were emotional. Through his speech, King gave his followers an inspired vision that he imagine and he painted a beautiful dream. It is obvious that without being credible to their principles, a leader will not be successful in inspiring their vision. King was successful in the delivery of his speech because he spoke with authentic certainty about the principles of his belief and his actions. In his speech, he mentioned what he desired. He understood that his people were being judged and mistreated due to the fact that they have a different skin color. So in his speech, he said, â€Å"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.† This was the realistic aspiration that his people and King wanted. King was genuinely convicted of his principles. Thus he mentioned that he wanted to live in the nation with equality and respect. Another proof of his genuine confidence used the word faith wisely, â€Å"This is our hope, and this is the faith that I go back to the South with†. King obviously knew that not everyone was a supporter of his principles, but that did not stop his actions as he believed in his own faith and the faith of the majority of the people. Hence, King was able to speak with genuine conviction about the higher meaning and principle of his belief in his â€Å"I have a dream† speech. From this in-depth analysis of Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I have a Dream† speech, I see the vision that was inspired by King. Years after this great leader’s speech, King’s vision has become a reality. Today he can be considered as a leader who brought his people and followers the dream that they all shared together. His speech was appealing to others because it shared an exciting futuristic dream. I see the vision through King’s words because they were very visual and emotional. And he was clear and supportive of his beliefs; therefore King’s speech is a great example of how to inspire a vision for a team to share. Research Papers on Essay on â€Å"I have a Dream† - Dr KingEmmett Till BiographyHenderson the Rain KingThe Old Man and the Sea EssayCritical Analysis of HamletIntentism The Resurrection of the AuthorThe Rise and Fall of Napoleon BonaparteAnalysis Essay of the The RavenRacism and InjusticeBooker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells-BarnettThe Equal Rights Amendment

International Relations Theory and the Environmental Crises Research Paper

International Relations Theory and the Environmental Crises - Research Paper Example The main ecological challenges of the deterioration of the physical health of the environment are still not analyzed in the context of a full-fledged ecological crisis. Let us start analysing the critical situation of our physical environment through various warning signs that emanate from nature including the warming of global climate, thinning of the stratospheric ozone shield, accelerating loss of biodiversity, acidification of freshwater lakes, soil erosion, desertification, and many others (Laferriere & Stoett, 1999, p. 3), IR theorists have remained unable to concentrate on the upcoming environmental crises. The study of the environmental crises in relation to the IR can be initiated by understanding the notion that the underlying causes of ecological degradation are political and wherever they are not, are followed by the human consequences of natural disasters. Many theorists believe that such 'attacks on nature' indicates a commitment to material growth and state power, which requires the systematic control and use of human and non-human nature. Therefore IR theory tells us that 'Positivist' theories are most likely the ones to replicate IR epistemology and are aimed to a limited extent to consider the methods adopted by the natural sciences.This way we see that examining the congruence between realism and environmental crisis requires an appraisal of key realist assumptions and recommendations, and hence of their likely implications for the state of the world. The concept of security that is produced in the classic realist texts of the immediate post-war period is clearly dependent on the container schema. However, it is equally clear that the compelling nature of the realist discourse is dependent not on one single schema and derived metaphors, but on a densely interconnected network of schemas and metaphors which are not static but have their own inferential dynamics (Beer & Hariman, 1996, p. 209). That means realism supports all kinds of power seeking techniques inclusive of all weapons of mass destruction. If we analyze the environmental crisis in the light of Darwinian studies of evolution, it is clear that we would find a solid basis which supports both 'realist' theories of international relations and 'rational choice' approaches throughout the social sciences (Masters, 2004). IR policy suggests that if a policy is perceived as a strict response to international structure, it is to argue that there need be no direct connection between a realist perspective in international affairs and one's particular ideological affinity in the 'domestic' sphere. This has been a controversial argument made about Hobbes which represents either realism's greatest strength or its greatest weakness, depending on one's interpretation.

Critical analysis of specific drug used in clinical Research Paper

Critical analysis of specific drug used in clinical practice-CO-AMOXICLAV - Research Paper Example 69). Co-amoxiclav is a commonly used antibiotic that works by ensuring that bacterial infections are killed. It is made up of two major ingredients that include amoxicillin (which constitutes penicillin), and the clavulanic acid (Brook, 2001, p. 253). In essence, amoxicillin is the penicillin antibiotic that works by destroying bacteria that are accountable for causing infections. It works by preventing the bacteria from creating or developing cell walls that cause severe infections. However, some bacteria have mechanisms of defending themselves by inactivating the amoxicillin. In this case, the clavulanic acid stops bacteria from generating a chemical that can resist the amoxicillin. The combination of these ingredients enhances the spectrum of action and restores the efficacy of the drug against resistant to the bacteria (Hochadel, 2006, p. 69). The active elements found in co-amoxiclav are amoxicillin trihydrarate as well as potassium clavulanante. The other constituents include microcrystalline cellulose, colloidal silicon dioxide, and even magnesium steate (Joint Formulary Committee, 2014, p. 360). The co-amoxiclav is available in tablets form effective for adults and liquid state that is suitable for children. The drug is administered within different dose strengths that are based on the infection that is being treated. In most cases, the bacterial infections clear after two to three days after using this medication (ODonohue, et al, 2002). Co-amoxiclav effectively treats open wounds caused by animal bites because it is an antibiotic. The drug consists of Augmentin injection, suspension, Augmentin-duo and also tablets with active components of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (Kamphof ,Rustemeyer & Bruynzeel, 2002). The amoxicillin contains the penicillin-type antibiotic that is responsible for destroying bacteria. It works by preventing the bacteria to form cell walls that are central for the bacteria to survive. The cell walls inhibit unwanted

Equity vs. Equality and Merit in Compensation Essay

Equity vs. Equality and Merit in Compensation - Essay Example The author of the essay Equity vs. Equality and Merit in Compensation makes a detailed analysis of considerations related to the principles of equity and equality that has been very much a part of the debate about the structure of reward or compensation systems since the early 1970s. Researcher finds that apart from issues related to the inequality of sexes in a society and gender mainstreaming, the principles of equity and inequality also have an impact on matters related to egalitarianism, racial equality and poverty alleviation as well as the satisfaction of the wants or desires of an individual through the selling of their skills and expertise. At the end the author comes to the interesting and thought-provoking conclusion. Whereas the principles of equity and equality as well as the notion of merit in the allocation of resources or rewards, such as compensation or wages represent some of the fundamental considerations associated with such decisions, employees generally feel happ y when they know that they have been fairly treated in regard to their compensation under the circumstances in which they may find themselves. Equity with an attempt to consider the requirements of a job when deciding on pay usually results in the fairest determination of compensation as an individual is fitted to a job. Equality is fair for a group, but can disadvantage individuals while recognition of merit provides employee satisfaction in terms of the recognition of their outstanding work efforts.

Engineering Systems and Components of Centrifuge

Engineering Systems and Components of Centrifuge Description The main job of the horizontal decanter centrifuge is to separate materials of different densities. In this system, the centrifuge is required to separate the olive oil from water and any other solids such as stones. The decanter centrifuge (Figure 1) is part of the olive pressers assembly line made up of four main machines: de-leafing washing, olive crushing mill, horizontal malaxer, and the centrifuge. Figure 1 shows briefly what the assembly line consists of. The inputs into the centrifuge are olives which have undergone a number of processes through the other main machines of the olive presser assembly line. These processed olives are referred to as cake. This cake is the input of the decanter centrifuge and contains stone, water, other chemical additives, and oil. The centrifuge uses the concept of sedimentation to separate the cake into heavy liquid and light liquid, the lighter liquid being the olive oil, which is the output required from the system. Basically, due to the difference in densities the cake and oil will separate naturally given enough time (the oil floats on top of the cake). The centrifuge speeds up this process using high rotational speeds, exerting up to 4000G on the cake. This is useful since a process that would take hours to achieve could happen in a matter of seconds. The centrifuge rotates at high speeds, resulting in the separation of the contents inside the centrifuge according to their density, allowing the olive oil to be retrieved from the system [1]. ADD SCREENSHOT OF CENTRIFUGE Overview of OperationThe cake is input to the system through a small inlet tube encased in a wider shaft. This shaft has an Archimedean spiral, i.e. the scroll, welded to it. The shaft together with the scroll is called the conveyor, and it is encased in a drum. The shaft, and thus also the scroll is turned by a motor pulley system. The cake flows into the scroll area where separation of the olive oil from the cake occurs due to the high Gs generated by rotation and the angle at one end of the scroll. The olive oil and waste are output through nozzles at opposite ends of the centrifuge drum.The centrifuge is attached to the frame using a pillow block bearing. The frame supports the entirety of the system. Basic Sizing Requirements By comparing to existing centrifuges, the optimal drum diameter and rotational speed are 425 mm, and 3800 RPM respectively. A 1:4 design ratio (drum diameter compared to the drum length) is adopted, resulting in a centrifuge length of 1700 mm [2]. A beach angle of 200 is taken, as explained in Appendix 1. Specification Sheet Centrifuge Specifications Centrifuge Type Two-phase; Horizontal Maximum Overall Length 3 m Maximum Overall Width 1.5 m Maximum Overall Height 1.5 m Input Rate 450 kg/h Centrifuge RPM 3800 Centrifuge Beach Angle 200 Centrifuge drum diameter 425 mm Centrifuge diameter to length ratio 1:4 Centrifuge Length 1700 mm Centrifuge shaft outer diameter 120 mm Tree Diagram The following tree diagram is a graphical representation of the centrifuge and its sub-systems. Please turn over to find the above mentioned tree diagram. Block Diagram The following block diagram is a graphical representation of how the centrifuge works in order to extract the oil from the olives. This graphical representation will provide a better understanding of how the sub-systems interact with one another. Please turn over for the above mentioned block diagram. Brief explanation of the chosen components Drive Frame (Figure 2): A tray to which the motor is bolted down to stay in position. It is attached to the legs of the centrifuge lower casing. It determines the distance between the shaft of the motor and shaft of the centrifuge. Figure 2: Drive Frame Centrifuge Frame (Figure 3): The overall frame of the decanter, this supports the entire structure of the centrifuge. Figure 3: Centrifuge Frame Upper Casing (Figure 4): The Upper casing covers the drum of the centrifuge. It blocks contaminants from making contact with the drum and restricts the user of the machine from making contact with moving parts, providing better safety. Figure 4: Upper Casing Lower Casing (Figure 5): The lower casing acts as a collector for the products discharged from the rotating assembly and transports them to receivers for onward handling. The casing has to keep these separated entities apart. So it can be concluded that the casing as an oil collector at one end and a cake discharge collector at the conical side. Figure 5: Lower Casing Feed Tube (Figure 6): A tube that the cake is transported to the centrifuge from the malaxer. This is also the input of the centrifuge. Its inner diameter is determined by its required input flow rate. Figure 6: Feed Tube 3-phase Motor (Figure 7): The motor provides the initial torque required to rotate the belt. The motor chosen is the AEG AM 132M ZA4*[3], a 3-phase motor which provides 7.5kW of power, with the possibility of increasing the power up to 9.2kW through a small modification, making this a flexible choice. Figure 7: 3-Phase Motor Belt (Figure 8): The Flat belt connects the pulley of the 3-phase motor and the centrifuge drum together, transferring power. The chosen Flat-belt is a Polyamide A-3c belt since it provides the appropriate thickness, allowable tension, and coefficient of friction, while also being appropriate for the minimum pulley diameter. Pulley (Figure 8): The pulley is used to modify the speed of the drum and is connected to the motor. Key: A 8 x 10 mm rectangular key 70 mm long is added to the motor pulley in order to make sure that the pulley spins together with the motor shaft in such a way that there is no relative motion between the two. Figure 8: Belt and Pulley Belt Guard (Figure 9): The purpose of the belt guard is to protect the belt and pulley system from any accidents. It prevents contact of the belt with any foreign objects by stopping them from entering the belt area without removing the guard first. This may prevent injuries and breakages. The guard also keeps the belt area clean from any residual debris generated during the process. It can be easily removed for maintenance and cleaning. Figure 9: Belt Guard Figure 10: Drum shell with Archimedes screw inside Drum: The drum (Figure 10) is a cylindrical tube with flanges at both ends. At one end, the liquid discharge drum hub, this is where liquids are discharged from the centrifuge, while on the other side the cake discharge hub is connected, this is where solids are discharged from the centrifuge. The separation medium reaches its maximum speed in the decanter drum. This causes the solids to settle on the wall of the drums inner diameter. This is all a result of the high centrifugal force, which acts on the particles. One distinctive feature of the drum is its tapered shape. This tapered shape is referred to as the beach. The beach is a conical section at the end of drum. It has this conical shape to exert additional force on the solids, hence squeezing out the last drops of liquid. In this part of the process the centrifugal force push the solids uphill. This design helps to elevate the solids above the waterline in the discharge chamber. Figure 11: Bearing Setup [2] Front hub bearings: This horizontal setup (Figure 11) is supported by the use of bearings which are cased in a pillow block. Bearings are used to reduce friction and the effects brought on the component through wear and tear. This bearing used in this assembly is a roller bearing. The roller bearing is a bearing in which the main load is transferred through elements in rolling contact. Pillow Block: The fundamental application of the pillow block is to mount the bearing safely, which enables the bearings outer ring to be stationary, while the bearing inner ring to rotate. The bearing is supported in a housing and sealed with a non-contacting flinger. This non-contacting flinger is a seal, as the name implies it does not come into contact with the shaft. Its main application is to keep lubricants and grease from escaping, while at the same time it helps keep water, dust and other contaminants that could be harmful, out of the bearing assembly. It does this with the help of the centrifugal force. Rear hub Bearings: The rear hub bearing assembly is similar to that of the front hub. Its main job is to support one side of the conveyer. This bearing also resists the axial thrust of the scroll. Figure 12: Generated 3D Representation of Conveyor. Conveyer: The conveyer (Figure 12) is a central hub with a continuous helix welded to it. The conveyer is in the shape of an Archimedes screw fitting inside the drum, between the 2 end hubs. This conveyer will have a small clearance in relation to the drum. It main job is to carry solids which have settled against the walls of the drum, then pushing these solids towards the beach where they can be discharged. Its main functions are to convey the solids after they form a cake, accept the feed and accelerates it up to the drum speed. The material used is EN 1.4571 which is a form of high speed steel (HSS). The conveyer is the transport tool in a decanter centrifuge. The conveyer rotates with a different speed in relation to the drum, subsequently transporting the settled solids towards the conical shape of the drum. Also, the speed at which the conveyer rotates in relation to the drum defines how long a solid spends in the drum. The pitch of the conveyer is related to the transport pe rformance of the centrifuge [2]. This conveyor is comprised of two main sub-components; the scroll, and the shaft. The scroll is welded to the shaft, which rotates. While the two obviously need to be machined separately and welded together for economic reasons, they will be considered as a single part; the conveyor. Calculations Nomenclature Variable (Motor) Description P Power T Torque à Ã¢â‚¬ ° Angular velocity Variable (Flow) Description V Volume A Cross-Sectional Area of segment L Length of segment à Ã‚ Ã‚ ­cake Density of cake Variable (Belt) Description D Driver/Motor pulley diameter d Driven/Shaft diameter n1 RPM of shaft n ­Ã‚ ­2 RPM of motor pulley d Angle of contact for shaft D Angle of contact for motor pulley C Distance between centres t Thickness of belt b Wirth of belt l Length of belt ÃŽÂ · Specific weight of belt à Ã‚  Density of belt V Volume of belt m Mass per unit length of belt r Radius of pulley à Ã¢â‚¬ ° Rotational Velocity FC Centrifugal force on belt F1 Tension in tight side of belt F2 Tension in loose side of belt Fi Initial force required to overcome friction ÃŽÂ ¼ Coefficient of friction FR Resultant force of belt on shaft Variable (Deflection) Description E Youngs modulus of material I Moment of Inertia of shaft y Deflection in shaft Variable (Bearings) Description P1 Weight of conveyor P2 Force exerted on shaft by belt RA Reaction at bearing A RB Reaction at bearing B Variable (Shaft) Description Bending Stress Shear Stress M Maximum Bending Moment c Outer radius of shaft I Moment of Inertia of shat T Torque applied J Polar Moment of Inertia router Outer radius of shaft rinner Inner radius of shaft Calculations and Sizing Material Selection Since the machine will make contact with biological materials, certain characteristics and requirements have to be met in order to ensure that the parts making up the centrifuge will not chemically alter or affect the product in anyway. A list of materials suitable for food processing has been compiled by the FDA, based in the US. The 6th iteration of this code, released in 2013, gives specific requirements with regards to materials used in food-contact surfaces of equipment in chapter 4, subpart 4-101.11. Among these requirements are corrosion resistance and durability. Considering this, the material chosen for all the parts that will come into contact with the product; namely the centrifuge and its casing; the chosen material is EN 1.4571 Stainless Steel, which suitably fits all relevant requirements. [4] REF FDA? Calculations to find motor required Aim: To find the torque required to turn the shaft at a speed of 3800 RPM, which has been determined to be optimal for this machine (Figure 13) and thus find the power needed and an appropriate motor. Diagram: Figure 13: 3D diagram of power transmission system Due to the complex effects of fluid flow on the resistance to turning, the required torque for operation will be found by reverse engineering a similar system. HAUS Centrifuge Technologies produce a horizontal decanter centrifuge that has a maximum RPM of 5400, and utilizes a motor with a power output of 11 kW that can process up to around 1 m3/hr of material [5]. This is sufficiently similar to the system being discussed in this report and can thus be used to reverse engineer the torque requirements during steady state. Using the equation Pdrum = Tdrumà Ã¢â‚¬ °, the required torque may be found. Thus, the required power for the system will be: Since the reverse engineered system accounts for power losses due to inefficiencies and other factors, as well as the fact that that system has an overall larger processing capacity, the required power value obtained can be assumed to slightly larger than the true minimum requirement. However, this will account for any power losses during transmission as well as any potential extra power demands. Conclusions: The chosen motor is the AEG AM 132M ZA4*. This has a maximum of 1440 RPM and 9.2 kW of power, with an efficiency of 87% when operating at 100% RPM, and a weight of 56kg. This is a modification of the AM 132M ZA4 motor, which only produces 7.5 kW of power [3]. The AM 132M ZA4* is a 4-pole, 3-phase motor, single-speed drive. The motor has a single drive and is an asynchronous type motor with an Aluminium frame. It also has an IP 55 rating, making it somewhat resistant to dirt, debris, and water; a useful property for this use case, where spillages and leakages may occur. The motor manufacturer also specifies that the chosen motor has a shaft diameter of 38 mm, and a key of 10 x 8 mm should be used for any pulleys, with the keyway being 5 mm deep and 10 mm wide. The key should have a length of 70 mm [3]. Calculations for the sizing of the inlet tube Aim: To find the required dimension of the inlet tube so that an appropriate amount of material will be input at an appropriate speed. Diagram: Figure 14: Diagram of flow in inlet pipe It must first be ensured that the flow rate in the inlet tube (Figure 14) will be sufficient to allow for the design specifications. In this case, the design is specified as having an input rate of 450 kg/hr. It is assumed that the cake will have a density, à Ã‚ Ã‚ ­cake of approximately 2000 kg m-3. Thus, the appropriate inner radius may be found. Converting the input rate to m3/hr: m3/hr. This results in 6.22510-5 m3 s-1 flow rate. For a system of this kind, the flow velocity is generally in the range of 0.5 to 2 ms-1. For the sake of calculations, it will be assumed that an appropriate velocity for this specific system will be 1ms-1. Thus: Cross Sectional Pipe Area = Area = à Ã¢â€š ¬r2, therefore = 4.46 x 10-3 m. Thus, an inner radius of 5mm can be chosen. This will result in a slight decrease in flow velocity, (down to 0.8 ms-1), however this is well within the ideal range. Seeing as this pipe will undergo no torque and very little forces, a standard 2mm thickness can be taken. Power Transmission  ­The centrifuge shaft is required to be turned at a constant speed. The load is determined mainly by flow and amount of cake in the system, which are controlled through a process done by another system. Thus, the load on the system may be assumed to be largely unchanging. The torque required is also relatively low. As such, a belt and pulley system is an appropriate choice for drive transmission. This is cheaper than a gear train, and is also easier to maintain and replace if required. This also reduces the size of the entire assembly, as the motor may be placed laterally, with the shafts being parallel to each other. A flat belt is chosen over a V-belt. While the wedging action of a V-belt means that more power can be transmitted, flat belts are more efficient, having a 98% efficiency. Flat belts also generally have a longer work life. Most importantly, flat belts may be used across large centre distances, unlike V-belts. Thus, due to the nature of the setup a flat belt system is more appropriate. [6] The larger pulley must also be crowned (curved slightly) so the belt may be kept tracking centred on the pulley [7]. Flat-Belt Calculations Aim: To analyse the forces acting upon the belt, determining friction and tension due to transmitted torque, in order to find forces and stresses on the shafts. Assumption: A polyamide A-3à ¡Ã‚ ¶Ã…“ flat belt with thickness 3.3mm is used to calculate the forces present [8]. Figure 15: Diagram of belt and pulley system The outer diameter of the centrifuge shaft has been chosen to be 120 mm. To find the corresponding motor pulley diameter, D (Figure 15) required in order to spin the centrifuge at the required 3800 RPM, assuming the motor will turn at its rated speed of 1440 RPM, the following relationship is used.dn1 = Dn2 Where n ­1  ­Ã‚ ­and n2 are the RPMs of the respective shaft 0.123800 = D1440 D = 315.57 mm This will be approximated to 0.316 m (or 12.5 inches), the closest standard pulley size. For this size, the crown of the pulley should be 1 mm high [9]. Determining the angles indicated [8]: = sin-1() = 0.197à ¡Ã‚ ¶Ã…“where C = 500mm d = à Ã¢â€š ¬ 2sin-1() = 2.747à ¡Ã‚ ¶Ã…“ D = à Ã¢â€š ¬ + 2sin-1() = 3.536à ¡Ã‚ ¶Ã…“ Length of belt, L = = 1.704m Thickness and width of belt, t = 3.3mm b = 75mm (standard belt width chosen arbitrarily) specific weight of belt, ÃŽÂ · = 0.042lbf/in3 = 1162.56kg/m3 Volume of belt = t x b x l = 75 x 3.3 x 1704 = 421.74 x 103 mm3 Mass of belt = à Ã‚ V = 1162.56 x 4.2174 x 10-4m3 = 0.49kg Mass per unit length of belt, m = = 0.2877kgm-1 It can be shown that: From dS = mr2à Ã¢â‚¬ ° dÃŽÂ ¸ where dS, is the force due to centrifugal force = FC dÃŽÂ ¸ This implies FC = mr2à Ã¢â‚¬ °2 = = 163.34N The difference in tension between the 2 sides of the belt is given by: ΆF = F1 F2 = = 109.3N For initial tension Fi, Equating Fi with the force required to overcome friction Fi = T2 eÃŽÂ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¸ from friction equation T1 = T2 eÃŽÂ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¸ The negative sign indicates that this is the force that must be overcome. To find F1 and F2 , Tension in the belt where T1 is the largest tension, to be FI ÃŽÂ ¼ = 0.8 ÃŽÂ ¸D = 3.536C T2 = F2 Since, F2 = Fi + FC F2 = -F2 e0.8 x 3.356 + FC F2 = F2 e0.8 x 3.356 + 163.34 1 e0.8 x 3.356 F2 = 163.34 Therefore, F2 = ΆF = F1 F2 109.3 = F1 6.06 Therefore, F1 = 115.36N Finding the radial resultant force on the shaft, It can be assumed that the force will act approximately radially for the sake of calculations. By geometry ÃŽÂ ¸ = sin-1 = 0.197c = 11.3o Figure 16: Diagram showing forces acting on driver pulley Solving horizontally (Figure 16): (115.36 cos 11.3) + (163.34) + (6.06 cos 11.3) = 282.40N Solving vertically: (6.06 sin 11.3) (115.3 sin 11.3) = -21.42N FR = = 283.45N ÃŽÂ ± = tan-1 = 4.34o Calculating FC for the smaller pulley using the equation FC = mr2à Ã¢â‚¬ °2 => FC = = 164N Since FC for the bigger pulley = 163.3N, the resultant force FR will be approximately the same as previously found for bigger pulley. The chosen belt has an allowable tension per unit width of ~ 31 N/mm, thus the chosen belt may withstand a tension up to 2325 N. Thus, the chosen belt is appropriately sized to

Essay example --

The Cultural Revolution started in1966 for the â€Å"renewed spirit of the Chinese Revolution.† Chairman Mao Zendong wanted to stop China from developing into a copied model of the Soviet Union, and so began a series of campaigns to stop this from occurring...or so he said. His true intention was regaining the power he had lost. It officially started when a man named Lin Piao gave a speech about his wish for students to return to the basic functioning of the revolutionary movement. Before long, people of the Chinese Communist party, intellectuals, and other political adversities were prosecuted in several ways, while ate the same time appealing to the people of China for help to once again establish China as a powerful and new country. These campaigns targeted the children in particular. As they were more susceptible to the advertisements and censored news that went out, they were efficiently turned into a group of effective Red Guard units. These units were, in short used to ensure the obedience of parents and/or to spy on them. This caused many family upheavals and betrayals that often led to tragedy. If one person in the family was an â€Å"enemy† then often the rest of the family was considered one too. Some people denounced their family members to escape this fate. In 1949, the Chinese Communist Party calls their liberation a victory, where it’s really a terrifying/bloody fight for power among the government while directing the campaign for the people of China to become â€Å"New People.† At the center was Chairman Mao, who later washed away his rival within the same year and began to destroy the old culture and traditions of China truly began. People of all classes were targeted for inane reasons and many people were physically abused, sh... ... professions and lifestyles. Landlords were considered the worst, as they â€Å"took advantage of people.† Many things were lost in this campaign, among them a full generation of people, as well as tradition, lives, culture, and history. The sheer amount of people who had been killed, beaten, abused, and tormented came to light. Over 1.5 million people were killed, and countless others imprisoned. Instead of China forward, it was set back an entire generation and it was years before it became powerful again. After Mao died in September 1976, the Gang of Four briefly retained power, but was pushed out by the military. Deng regained power in 1977, and continued holding control over China’s political world for the next 20 years. The overall effect of the revolution was opposite of what was wanted. It caused the people of China to lose respect and faith in their government.